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What Is mSATA SSD?

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What is mSATA SSD?

mSATA SSD or Mini SATA represents a small form solid-state drive. They have no moving parts and use flash memory. These small form flash drives are applied in space-constrained devices such as laptops, netbooks, and tablets.

mSATA drive

mSATA or mini-SATA for its abbreviation mini Serial Advanced Technology Attachment is a bus interface used in computers to transfer data between the motherboard, and the storage elements that are contacted through this interface, the devices that can be connected are small solid disks with a maximum throughput of 6 Gbit per second. The mSATA connector is similar or practically identical to M.2, but they are not compatible since each uses a specific controller; thus, mSATA uses an S-ATA host controller and M.2 a PCI-express.

Although SATA dates from 2001 in its first version, mSATA saw the light in 2009 to use smaller units than hard drives or 3.5 ”or 2.5” SSDs and are normally connected directly to the motherboard with a screw and this connector. . The mSATA interface was looking for speed when transferring data in a small space, but was limited to the SATA III bandwidth of 6 Gbits per second, however its successor, the NVMe format, has been achieved through a PCI controller get much more bandwidth in storage devices, up to 7000 MBps reach the SSD 980 Pro from Samsung.

The mSATA interface is currently in disuse in desktop PCs and laptops since its limitation in transfer speed is that of SATA III, 6 Gbits per second. It would be the same as having an SSD connected to a SATA connector III standard and usually cheaper if they are recommended when the problem is the space available to install 2.5 “or 3.5” disks since these mSATA disks take up much less space.

An mSATA SSD is generally the size of a business card. The benefits of mSATA SSDs incorporate the little structure factor, low force utilization, stun/vibration opposition, and quick boot/closure capacities. The greatest transmission capacity of an mSATA SSD is 6 gigabits each second (Gbps).

 

Is mSATA obsolete?

Yes, mSATA is obsolete because M.2 SSDs are several times faster than mSATA; they are ultra-thin and plugged directly into the motherboard using a dedicated M.2 connector slot.

 

M.2 SSD vs. mSATA SSD

Differences between M.2 SSD and mSATA are:

  • While SATA drives have a maximum speed of 600 MB per second, M. 2 PCIe cards have a maximum speed of 4 GB per second.
  • SATA SSDs are connected to the motherboard via cable, while M.2 SSD is plugged directly into the motherboard using a dedicated M.2 connector slot.
  • SATA is typically 4 inches wide, 1.03 inches tall, and 5.79 inches long, while M.2 SSD is ultra-thin (several millimeters).

You can read more about M.2 SSD in our article.

 

 

How to Use Diskpart to Create Partition? Use Diskpart to Extend Volume or Delete Partition!

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For essential disk tasks in Windows Server, heads can utilize the Disk Partition Utility or Diskpart; an order line mediator planned to circle the executives’ device. Managers can utilize Diskpart to filter for recently added circles; however, it can likewise make, erase and resize hard drive partitions, and allocate or reassign drive letters.

How to create a partition with Diskpart?

To create a partition, go to command prompt and type:

  • Type: Diskpart.exe
  • Type: LIST DISK (Make a note of the drive number you wish to control.)
  • Select Disk 1 (type disk number instead 1)
  • CREATE PARTITION PRIMARY SIZE=10000
  • Type: ASSIGN LETTER=D (Choose a drive letter not previously being utilized.)
  • Type: Exit.

Utilize the Command Prompt arrangement order, Disk Administrator, or any disk design utility to organize the drive – commonly utilizing NTFS.

How to create an extended partition using Diskpart?

Use Diskpart to extend volume in the following way:

  1. Verify that you have enough free space.
  2. In command prompt Type: Diskpart.exe.
  3. Type: Select Disk 1 (Selects the circle.)
  4. Type: Select Volume 1 (Selects the volume.)
  5. Type: Extend Size=10000 (If you don’t set a size, like the above model for 10 GB, at that point, all accessible space on the circle will be utilized.)
  6. Type: Exit.

Regarding adding space to a partition or volume, this technique is better than arranging dynamic disks. Dynamic disk expansions connect the recently added space, which means they only count the circle space to the furthest limit of the first partition without restriping the information.

Link secludes execution inside each partition and doesn’t adapt to non-critical failure when the partition is arranged in a RAID exhibit. Diskpart permits you to restripe your current information. This is valuable when the element is set up in a RAID exhibit because the current partition information is fanned out across all the drives in the cluster instead of simply adding new space as far as possible, similar to Disk Administrator. Microsoft’s actual position is you can’t utilize Diskpart to expand your framework or boot partition. In any case, this tip on increasing the limit of your framework volume proposes something else.

Note: If you attempt it or some other technique, ensure you have full reinforcement.

Note: It isn’t essential, yet I typically reboot the worker to ensure everything is excellent from a startup stance.

How to delete the partition using Diskpart?

Diskpart delete partition can be done in the following steps:

  • Type: Diskpart.exe
  • Select Disk 1
  • Type: Select Partition 1
  • Type: DELETE partition
  • Type: Exit

Clean partition using Diskpart

To clean the partition, follow the next steps:

  1. Type: Diskpart.exe
  2. Select Disk 1
  3. CLEAN ALL (The CLEAN ALL order eliminates all partition and volume data from the hard drive being cantered around.)
  4. Type: Exit.

Last note: Here are four essential things to remember concerning Diskpart.

  • Do not use DISKPART until you have wholly supported up the hard circle you are controlling.
  • Exercise outrageous alert when utilizing DISKPART on influential circles.
  • Check with your disk seller before utilizing Diskpart.
  • Install the Windows Resource Kit to get the Diskpart utility.

A critical task in Linux is creating, extending, or deleting a disk partition. Diskpart is an easy-to-use and intuitive tool for creating, developing, and deleting disk partitions. Even a novice Linux user can efficiently perform the tasks using Diskpart. It can be used to develop, extend or delete a partition on Linux. Use this tool to perform these tasks. Create a small partition to store private files on diskExtend a partition, or create a new partition, for installing. The main hard drive and you can create a separate clone disk for high-performance applications. If you have been a Macintosh user for a long, you may have heard of that old technology favorite ‘Cadence’ from way back in the day.

Nowadays, however, it’s a forgotten story – except for me, as it was one of my first workstations when I got a job after leaving college, and I used it for all sorts of things in those days. Partitions are the structures used to store data. There are two ways to create a partition using Diskpart: Use the Partition menu to select a drive letter and click New Partition to create a new partition or drag-and-drop files on top of a drive letter in Diskpart.

 

What is an M.2 SSD Drive? – M.2 vs. SSD

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What is an M.2 SSD drive?

M.2 SSD drive represents solid-state drives that are generally faster than traditional, 2.5-inch SSDs and go up to 2TB in storage size. While SATA SSDs have a maximum speed of 600 MB per second, M. 2 PCIe cards have an average speed of 4 GB per second. Usually, M.2 SSD drives are not connected to a motherboard via a cable because they are plugged directly into the motherboard using a dedicated M.2 connector slot.

M.2 SSD Drive

 

 

M.2 SSD structure

M.2 SSDs sizes are:

  • M.2 2280 SSD is 22 mm wide and  80 mm long.
  • M.2 2230 SSD is 22 mm wide and 30 mm long.
  • M.2 2242 SSD is 22 mm wide and  42 mm long.
  • M.2 2260 SSD is 22 mm wide and 60 mm long.
  • M.2 22110 SSD is 22 mm wide and 110  mm long.

What is the M.2 slot?

M.2 slot represents a 22 mm width motherboard slot. You can use both slots for M.2 SSD. The 22 mm width is critical to note, as it is the norm for work areas and workstations. An 80 mm or 110 mm length card can hold 8 NAND chips for 2 TB of limit.

 

M.2 SSD vs. SSD

Differences between M.2 SSD and SSD are:

  • M.2 SSD is from 3-7 times faster because while average M. 2 PCIe cards have a maximum speed of 4 GB per second, SSDs have 550 megabytes per second (MBps)
  • SSDs are connected to the motherboard via cable, while M.2 SSD is plugged directly into the motherboard using a dedicated M.2 connector slot.

Is M.2 faster than SSD?
Yes, M.2 is faster than SSD up to 10 times. While SATA SSDs have a maximum speed of 600 MB per second, M. 2 PCIe cards have an average speed of 4 GB per second.

M.2 SSD vs. SATA

Differences between M.2 SSD and SATA are:

  • While SATA drives have a maximum speed of 600 MB per second, M. 2 PCIe cards have a maximum speed of 4 GB per second
  • SATA SSDs are connected to the motherboard via cable, while M.2 SSD is plugged directly into the motherboard using a dedicated M.2 connector slot.
  • SATA is typically 4 inches wide, 1.03 inches tall, and 5.79 inches long while M.2 SSD is ultra-thin (several millimeters).

 

 

 

Association Rules in Data Mining

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What are association rules?

Association rules represent rule-based machine learning techniques that analyze data sets for patterns and discover how items are associated with each other. Usually, Identified patterns are presented in the form of if-then rules ( an antecedent “if” and a consequent “then” ), which are a very convenient method for presenting knowledge due to their simplicity and comprehensibility.

Association rules are “assuming at that point” proclamations that help to show the likelihood of connections between information things inside huge informational collections in different kinds of data sets. Association rule mining has various applications and is broadly used to help find deals with relationships in conditional information or clinical informational indexes.

Association rules example

Association rules can be used for market basket analysis using sales data. For example, association rules can show that if shoppers purchase “bread” and “eggs” together, they are likely to also buy “milk” in the store.

In information science, association rules are utilized to discover connections and co-events between informational indexes. They are undeniably used to clarify designs in information from apparently independent data stores, like social data sets and conditional data sets. In some cases, the demonstration of utilizing association rules is alluded to as “association rule mining” or “mining associations.”

See below video how the Apriori algorithm works:

Association rule learning example is movie recommendation algorithm with Netflix platform. For example, using your past behavior and the type of movies that you watched, the Netflix association rule algorithm knows in the future to recommend your movie that you should like. By the latest research, 80% of all Netflix views are from the service’s recommendation algorithm.

Types of association rules

Types of association rules in data mining are:

  • Approximate Frequent Itemset mining
  • Contrast set learning
  • Generalized Association Rules
  • Hierarchical rules
  • High-order pattern discovery
  • Interesting rules
  • Interval Data Association Rules
  • K-optimal pattern discovery
  • Multi-Relation Association Rules
  • Quantitative Association Rules
  • Representative rules
  • Sequential pattern mining
  • Subspace Clustering
  • Weighted class learning

Association rule mining applications in various areas

Association rule mining applications in different areas are:

  • Medicine. Specialists can utilize association rules to help analyze patients. There are numerous factors to consider when deciding, as multiple infections share indications. By using association rules and AI-energized information investigation, specialists can fix the restrictive likelihood of a given sickness by looking at side effect connections in the information from past cases. As new conclusions get made, the AI model can adjust the standards to mirror the refreshed information.
  • Retail industry. Retailers can gather information about buying designs, recording buying information as retail location frameworks examine standardized tags. AI models can search for co-event in this information to figure out which items are destined to be purchased together. The retailer would then be able to change advertising and deal techniques to exploit this data.
  • User experience measurement (UX) plan. Engineers can gather information on how customers utilize a site they make. They would then be able to use relationships in the report to enhance the site UI by examining where clients will in a general snap and what expands the opportunity they draw in with a source of inspiration.
  • Entertainment. Administrations like Netflix and Spotify can utilize association rules to fuel their substance proposal motors. AI models break down past client conduct information for successive examples, create association rules, and use those principles to suggest content that a client will probably draw in with or coordinate substance in a way that will probably put the fascinating importance for a given client first.

 

Difference between decision trees and association rules

Decision trees are supervised machine learning methods, while association rule learning is an unsupervised learning method with no class labels assigned to the examples. While decision trees find regions in space where most records belong to the same class, association rules aim to see all rules above the given thresholds involving overlapping subsets of records.

Proportions of the adequacy of association rules

Support and confidence represent the strength of a given association rule.  Support shows how regularly a given guideline shows up in the information base being mined. Supports show to the measure of times a shared approach ends up being valid by and by. A standard may show a solid connection in an informational index since it shows up all the time; however, it may happen undeniably less when applied. This would be an instance of high help, however, low certainty.

Alternatively, a standard may not especially hang out in an informational collection; however, examination shows that it happens repeatedly. This would be an instance of high certainty and low help. Utilizing these actions assists investigators with isolating causation from connection and make them esteem a given standard appropriately.

The lift value of an association rule is the ratio of the confidence of the rule and the expected confidence of the rule. The expected confidence of a rule is defined as the product of the support values of the ruling body and the rule head divided by the support of the ruling body.

 

Association rules learning in information mining

In information mining, association rules help investigate and foresee client conduct. They significantly influence client investigation, market container examination, item bunching, list plan, and store design.

Software engineers use association rules to construct programs equipped for AI. AI is a sort of artificial intelligence (AI) that tries to fabricate programs with the capacity to turn out to be more proficient without being expressly customized.

An exemplary illustration of association rule mining alludes to a connection between diapers and brews. The model, which is by all accounts anecdotal, claims that men who go to a store to purchase diapers are additionally prone to buy lager.

 

 

Best Wifi Router For Multiple Devices!

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Wifi router for multiple devices

If you look around your house, you will notice that multiple devices work on your Wi-Fi connection. As the world gets more and more connected, this is becoming the reality of all present-day households. Apart from gadgets like smartphones, tablets, laptops, and game consoles, Wi-Fi is also required for modern washing machines, TVs, and other appliances.

When you plan to buy a router, you obviously consider the number of devices it can connect to. Additionally, you would also want to know about the additional features of the router. While several good-quality routers are available in the market, not all of them stand upon their claim. So, after examining and testing the best and most popular Wi-Fi routers, we have listed down the top five choices for you. These include Linksys Triband Router, NETGEAR Nighthawk X4S Smart Router, D-Link Exo AC2600 MU-MIMO Router, Asus Dual-band Gigabit Gaming Router, and TP-LINK AC2600 Smart Router.

In this article, you will learn about the parameters to gauge in a Wi-Fi router, along with a brief overview of the best Wi-Fi routers.

What is the best wifi router for multiple devices?
The best wifi router for multiple devices is NETGEAR Nighthawk X4S Smart WiFi Router. This high-quality router costs $150 and can get up to 2500 square feet wireless coverage with AC2600 speed.

We tested NETGEAR Nighthawk X4S Smart WiFi Router for 50 users and it showed excellent results. However, NETGEAR Nighthawk X4S Smart WiFi Router is recommended for up to 45 devices. NETGEAR Nighthawk X4S Smart can be the best secondary wifi router that acts as an extender that takes your Wi-Fi signal and re-transmits it.

The Best Wireless Router for Multiple Devices in 2021 (list) is:

  • NETGEAR Nighthawk X4S Smart Wi-Fi Router
  • ASUS Dual-Band Gigabit WiFi Gaming Router.
  • TP-LINK AC2600 Smart WiFi Router
  • Linksys Tri-Band WiFi Router for Home.
  • D-Link Exo AC2600 MU-MIMO Wi-Fi Router

 

Best Wi-Fi Routers for Multiple Devices: Top 5 Models

Glimpse through the prominent features of the best wireless routers along with their pros and cons:

ASUS Dual-band Gigabit Wi-Fi Router

If you seek a router that gives optimized performance for multiple gaming computers, Asus Dual-band Gigabit Wi-Fi Router is one great option to consider. Through 8 Gigabit LAN ports and a combined 3167 Mbps Wi-Fi speed, it ensures a smooth and lag-free optimized gaming experience even with multiple computers connected. The router utilizes NitroQAM technology that helps in enhancing latency for multiple gamers on one network. With its adaptive QOS, you can ensure that your gaming activities and packets are prioritized over other processes. You can also allocate a dedicated bandwidth for solo gaming.

Other useful features of this gaming router include the ASUS router app for intuitive router management and ASUS AiProtection with parental controls for security. Listed below are the plus and minus points of the ASUS Dual-band Gigabit Wi-Fi Router:

Pros:

  • Sophisticated Customization Options for advanced users
  • Supports AiMesh
  • VPN Fusion lets one device go through a particular VPN via the router

Cons:

  • No Instruction Manual is available in the packaging

D-Link Exo AC2600 MU-MIMO Wi-Fi Router

With an awesome high-performance dual-core processor, D-Link Exo AC2600 MU-MIMO Router provides 4×4 data streams. The device decreases latency while you stream movies, play online games, and connect all your required devices to a high-speed network. Its great features like intelligent QOS, MU-MIMO, and band steering aid in fast connections. The router allows you to connect multiple devices simultaneously with the least amount of buffering or lag.

Further, its dual-band Wi-Fi prevents congestion, especially if you are residing in an apartment complex with several competing networks. The 4×4 data streams work to curb delays on getting connected, while DIR-882 takes your device to the less crowded band to maintain high speeds. Listed below are the positives and negatives of the D-Link Exo AC2600 MU-MIMO Wi-Fi Router:

Pros:

  • Intuitive Configuration Interface
  • AC Smart Beam Technology to expand the range
  • High-Performance Dual-Core Processor

Cons:

  • Permits only reserved IP addresses for 24 devices.

Linksys Triband Wi-Fi Router

If you frequently watch streaming videos, you would want to have a router with a long-range. In this respect, Linksys Triband Wi-Fi Router is a great choice for you. The device delivers a high-speed connection to several devices simultaneously. So, you can play online games, browse the internet, and stream 4K media simultaneously without interruptions in performance. Besides, you can have a strong and seamless Wi-Fi signal in each corner of your home with a suitable Max Range Extender.

This Tri-band router has 4 Gigabit Ethernet ports that are ten times faster than a standard Ethernet. Another amazing feature of the router is Airtime Fairness. With this feature, the Wi-Fi signal is distributed effectively, and the lag generated by slow devices is reduced. Further, you can adjust your Wi-Fi settings from any place using the Linksys mobile app that works on Android and iOS phones. Listed below the benefits and limitations of Linksys Triband Wi-Fi Router:

Pros:

  • Easy and quick to set up
  • Set up alarms with Smart Wi-Fi
  • Static IPs for devices like printers and cameras

Cons:

  • Since WPA does not secure the guest network, it utilizes a captive portal like that of airports.
  • Some users have faced issues with parental controls options.

 TP-LINK AC2600 Smart Wi-Fi Router

If you want an affordable router with superior parental controls, TP-LINK AC2600 Smart Wi-Fi Router is the right one for you. It gives a premium performance at a reasonable price. The router’s ultra-fast dual-band Wi-Fi enables an amazing entertainment experience at exceptionally high speeds. Besides, its 4×4 data streams let you play online games, stream 4k videos, and use other internet-connected devices simultaneously.

Archer A10 makes the wireless networks more stable by focusing the signal strength on the connected devices. Besides, with MU-MIMO technology, you can connect several devices with your network at the same time. Other great features of the router are its IFTT and Alexa compatibility, parental controls to block out inappropriate and malicious websites, and convenient usability with the Tether app. Given below are the strengths and weaknesses of the TP-LINK AC2600 Smart Wi-Fi Router:

Pros:

  • Excellent Range
  • Very Easy to Configure
  • Consistently Strong Signal

Cons:

  • Requires a Power Cycle to operate for extended periods
  • Weak customer support.

NETGEAR Nighthawk X4S Smart Wi-Fi Router

Built to support up to 45 different devices simultaneously, NETGEAR Nighthawk X4S Smart Router is perfect for people who need to connect many devices with their Wi-Fi. The router is specifically designed for heavy-duty streaming. It extends the network speed up to 2600 Mbps, which means you can comfortably enjoy multiplayer online gaming as well as 4k Ultra HD streaming. Besides, you never have to worry about your neighbors intruding into your network as it is equipped with high-level WPS/WPA2 wireless security. It also offers guest networks in such a way that your private data and the home network remain protected behind double firewalls.

Further, NETGEAR Smart Router intelligently switches between two bands to reduce interference and increase the speed. The router also has other good features like a mobile app to adjust configurations, four high-speed 1G connections, and parental controls. Listed below are the advantages and disadvantages of the NETGEAR Nighthawk X4S Smart Wi-Fi Router:

Pros:

  • Effortless Firmware Upgrades
  • Excellent Wi-Fi signal Range and Strength across all bands
  • Mobile app for convenient adjustments
  • Very easy to set up, even for beginners.

Cons:

  • Customer service is free only until the first 90 days
  • It does not support Interface Monitoring that generally lets you see which devices are using the maximum bandwidth.

Top Router for Multiple Devices: Factors to Consider

Since Wi-Fi’s bandwidth is a limited resource, you will require a router that has a stable connection to every relevant device of your home. For a decent performance of the connected devices, you have to look for the following features in a Wi-Fi router:

·       MU-MIMO

MU-MIMO (Multi-user, Multiple Input, Multiple Output) is a technology that lets you connect more than one device with the router at a time. It improves connections and enhances data throughput speed by cutting down the negative impact of the reflected Wi-Fi signals between two antennas.

·       Dual-Band & Tri-Band

The routers that can allow devices to connect to more than one network are dual-band or tri-band. Generally, Dual-band ability is achieved by pairing a 5GHz network with a 2.4GHz network, while Tri-band requires the pairing of one 2.4GHz network and two 5GHz networks. Routers with such capabilities enable consistent connection and help in reducing bandwidth congestion.

·       Wireless AC

Since 802.11aa Wi-Fi is several times faster than 802.11n Wi-Fi, you will often find the former in single-antenna gadgets like smartphones. This kind of Wi-Fi lets you transfer files with greater efficiency and enhances the devices’ battery life. So, if most of your family members stream HD videos on their devices from the same router, you will need 802.11ac Wi-Fi. However, remember that even a router with the fastest speed cannot improve the speed of your particular internet connection.

·       Quality of Service (QoS)

Quality is one of the most important factors for a good user experience. Since the network starts getting congested because of multiple users, the network must have the ability to prioritize different types of traffic. For instance, services like gaming and video calling need a more consistent connection and will be allocated more bandwidth than services like downloads. This is one of the basic features of QOS, facilitated by a service called WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia).

·       CPU & RAM

A router’s CPU and RAM help in improving throughput and decreasing network congestion. In other words, the average number of successful messages delivered through the network is relatively higher. RAM boosts user experience by providing smooth data transfers and uninterrupted service.

Tips to Remember

While using any of the above-listed routers, you must be aware of certain things to make the best use of your network. Given below are some important tips to remember while using a router for your internet connection:

  • There is a significant chance of high wireless interference if many connected devices are located nearby.
  • The greater number of devices you connect to one Wi-Fi connection, the weaker its performance will be. For this reason, most of the Linksys routers have a default limit of 50 devices that can be connected at one time, with a consumption of up to 20 megabytes per second.
  • If you want to avail the maximum utility of your network, you may look for ways wherein an access point or a second router can assist in distributing the network load. However, adding a second router may make the network a little difficult to manage.
  • If you already have additional routers and yet, do not see any improvement, you can contact your internet service provider (ISP) to raise your bandwidth.
  • An alternative technique to enhance the network coverage is through mesh networks. These networks function so that the interlocking routers extend coverage over their corresponding areas, implying that you won’t lose connection at any part of your home.
  • Another good way to widen the range of your internet connection is to use a Wi-Fi extender. This device rebroadcasts the signal wirelessly but delivers half the original performance. However, if you don’t want to compromise on performance, you can opt for a tri-band extender. A tri-band extender receives and sends the signal at the same frequency as the original router.

Undoubtedly, setting up a good Wi-Fi network is a complicated task. With plenty of information available regarding tricks to enhance the network, it is usually tough to choose the most suitable means. However, you can assuredly pick any of the above-listed products that fit your needs and preferences in the best way.

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