Legal

How to Find Subject-To Properties? – Subject-To Real Estate

When you buy real estate, sometimes the seller can have a mortgage. This can make the purchase process more complicated. So in this article, we will write about subject-to real estate contracts.

What is subject-to in real estate?

“Subject-to” or “subject two deal” represents a legally binding contract clause when you buy or sell a property with an existing mortgage. This clause allows the investors to take over the mortgage payments of the current loan and take responsibility for making sure the mortgage is paid on time.

Usually, investors must make some down payment in cash to the seller ( little cash and no credit ).

The acquisition of a “subject” property means that the buyer takes over the remaining mortgage debt of the seller without making the loan public. This is a popular real estate financing method. It can also be an advantageous financing alternative for ordinary buyers if interest rates increase.

The purchase subject indicates that the homebuyer must pay the mortgage without a formal agreement with the creditor. If purchasers can achieve a reduced interest rate by paying overpayments, the buyer can buy a topic desirable.
This agreement risks the buyer if the loan is payable in full or the seller falls into insolvency.

Purchase of subject means the purchase of a house on the current credit. This indicates that the vendor does not repay the existing mortgage. The buyer takes the payments instead. Instead, the current mortgage debt is computed as part of the buying price of the buyer.

Following a contract, the purchaser continues to pay the seller’s mortgage company. No official agreement with the lender has nevertheless been reached. The buyer in the law shall not make payments. The house might be forfeited if the purchaser does not reimburse the debt. But it’d be in the name of the existing loan (i.e., the seller).

How to Find Subject to Properties?

To find subject-to properties, you need to find motivated sellers of distressed properties such as short-sales properties, foreclosed homes, auctioned homes, and bank-owned homes. You can find them using an online property search tool with homeowner data or using help from real estate agents.

For example, the Property Marketplace platform can help you find motivated sellers of distressed properties. Most of these properties need additional investments and repairs – so sellers are motivated by the “subject to” clause.

Buyer’s reasons for buying an item a property

The main benefit of purchasing property is that the cost of buying a home is reduced. Closing charges, broker fees, or other expenditures are not incurred. This means perfect space for profit for the real estate investor who wants to rent or resell the home.

Most purchasers want to take over the current seller’s interest rate for buying subject matter. If the current interest rates are 8% and a seller has a flat rate of 5%, this 3% fluctuation might significantly impact the minimum bill of the purchaser.

For instance:

If your loan is $250 000, the annual interest rate is 5%, and the loan length is 60 months, then your monthly payment is $3774.
If your loan is $250 000, the annual interest rate is 6%, and the loan length is 60 months, then your monthly payment is $4833.
If your loan is $250 000, the annual interest rate is 7%, and the loan length is 60 months, then your monthly payment is $4950.
If your loan is $250 000, the annual interest rate is 8%, and the loan length is 60 months, then your monthly payment is $5069.

Some purchasers may be interested in buying a property because they are not entitled to a typical, advantageous interest-rate loan. The current mortgage loan may, over time, provide higher terms and lower interest payments.
Property purchase is a clever technique for property speculators to purchase contracts. 2 Investors often retrieve borrowers who are currently in foreclosure using county information. Because the offer is modest, it can prevent forfeiture (and its effect on their loans) and lead to a high-profit property for the investor.

Three types of subject-to real estate deals

An item for sale does not always entail funding from the owner but might. Whether the seller carries any finance depends on whether the loan or initial deposit is wrapped compared to the buying price.

A straight-to-cash-to-loan subject

Straight-to-cash-to-subject loan cause represents the most common situation when a buyer pays the difference between the buying price and the seller’s current loan debt in cash.

The buyer must provide the seller, for example, $130 000 for the current loan debt and a selling price of $250 000.

A straight subject to carryback from the seller

Sales carrybacks are most frequently encountered in the form of a second mortgage, also known as sales or owner financing. A seller’s carryback might either be a land contract or an optional sales tool. For example, the house’s sales price is $250,000, and the loan debt of $180,000 exists. The purchaser pays 45,000 dollars off. At a separate interest and agreed terms and conditions between the parties, the seller would pay the remaining 25 000 $. The buyer would agree to pay a different interest rate for the seller and pay a separate payment.

Subject-To wrap-round

The vendor is overwritten by a wrap-around topic, as the vendor gains money on the current mortgage debt. An existing mortgage, for example, has a 5 percent interest rate. The retailer’s carryback would be $180,000 if the sales price were $200,000 and the customer settled the $20,000. The seller earns 1% of the current mortgage at $150,000 and 6% of the remaining 30,000 dollars at a rate of 6%. The purchaser paid $180,000 for 6 percent.

Neither the seller nor the purchaser informs the existing lenders in a subject transaction that the seller sold the property. The buyer now makes payments. The purchaser was not allowed to take over the credit by the bank. In their mortgages and trust deeds, lenders include specific language which gives the lender the ability to accelerate the loan and activate a “due-on” provision in case of a transfer. This phrase refers to the whole loan sum.

Not that all banks will identify a credit due and payable on transfers. Some banks are just glad in certain instances that someone, anybody, is paying. However, owing to an accelerator provision in the mortgage or trust deed, banks can utilize their right to appeal for a loan which is a risk for the buyer. If the purchaser cannot reimburse the loan on demand of the bank, he can start foreclosure. If a buyer prescribes a loan, the buyer takes over the debt legally on behalf of the bank.

This approach implies that the seller’s names are deleted from the credit, and the purchaser can claim the credit, like any other financing. In general, banks charge the buyer a charge for taking a loan. The cost of a traditional loan is considerably lower than the charge. A loan assumption is permitted under FHA loans and VA loans. Most traditional loans do not, though.

Properties are a speedier, more convenient house purchase, no pricey or challenging to travel mortgage loans, and a potentially higher profit if you want to flip or sell your property. On the contrary, the purchasers are put in danger by the subjects of houses. Since the property remains legally responsible to the seller, it may be confiscated should bankruptcy arise. Additionally, when it discovers that the house has switched hands, the lender might need a complete payment. Finally, home insurance coverage may sometimes be complicated.

“Subject-to” Benefits

Fewer upfront costs
Quick selling
Easier to train
May increase investor profits
It may equate to higher interest rates

While some people might find a topic for sale appealing, there are dangers for purchasers and sellers. Before joining this arrangement, you should comprehend the many alternatives and their advantages and disadvantages. In the 1970s, creative real estate finance was a super-hot issue. It is hard for me to understand that many of the pioneering legends of innovative finance are now deceased. In the early 1980s, when loan rates shrank to 18 percent, many purchasers were driven out of the property market, and innovative financing came from that requirement. Many properties for sale with the letters OWC were published so the owner could sell them.

Everything has been done in the context of innovative funding throughout this period. The pace was so frantic that many officers stopped considering the legalization of the concluded agreements. Even if it was not a good concept, every procedure has often been used.
Foreign Trust Creative Financing

Many still function under an overseas foreign confidence today, but they may end themselves in prison if found by the IRS. The IRS doesn’t look favorably at offshore foreign trusts, irrespective of what a pricey Italian salesperson says.

Learn how to fill out a “subject-to” contract:

Transactions Buying Options

Several mortgages were not accompanied by alienation provisions requiring acceleration so that purchasers could pay for an existing loan, leave the seller’s name on loan, and it was OK. Whoa. Banks do not appreciate a cheaper loan rate being fixed and a prospective borrower being lost when buyers purchased houses with financial resources. The subject of deals today is dangerous, as lenders can and will demand a loan to be sold. Moreover, accountability for a transaction is not desired by most sellers. A foreign trust offshore is a means to transfer money discreetly to another nation. Tax hawks then allow tax hawkers to purchase the property in the other country.

Use of an acceptable loan to purchase property

Specific hypothecs allow a new purchaser to assume the debt from the previous owner. The bank relieves the seller from obligation if the buyer is qualified to accept the loan. A mortgage supposition saved a buyer hundreds of dollars in lender costs during those days, and several deals might conclude rapidly. Unfortunately, there are currently few or no acceptable loans.

What are Land Contracts?

The search for a title insurance firm ensures the transaction is an issue with a land deal. Typically, a land contract, which gives a buyer the fair title, does not include a mortgage, as many loans have an alienation provision. Therefore, it is better to utilize a land contract when the seller owns a dwelling.

What is Trust Deed Seller-Carried Mortgage?

If the buyer has a home and wants to provide funding for the lender, a mortgage or a fiduciary deed is an easy-to-use tool. Each country has rules on whether a hypothecary or a trust document is conventional. In California, title and trust certificates are widely used to guarantee purchase bills.

Dodd-Frank Act and the Home Buying Credit Contract

The Dodd-Frank Act was signed in July 2010 as a short name for the Dodd-Frank Wall St Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The Dodd-Frank Act was authored by former conference member Barnett Frank and then-senator Christopher John Dodd and led to radical reforms in banking laws. This extensive transition generated new agencies and amended legislation. Without striking the Dodd-Frank Act, you cannot swing a dead cat to finance it.

The seller’s financing is part of the Dodd-Frank Act. It controls and rejects some forms of funding that have been freely permitted in the past. For example, as opposed to the 1970s, when someone may organize a loan and get paid for it while the person possessed a real estate license, a person today must be licensed as an originator of a mortgage loan. In addition, the sellers are excluded if the owners’ financing conditions are not extended to more than three homes a year.

Additional regulations are:

If the seller does not build the house, the seller may give the owner funding. This removes the possibility of owners’ financing for housebuilders.
No payment is made for balloons. A short-term credit, three or five years, with a balloon at the end was a favored technique to provide innovative finance so that the full balloon would be owing and paying. However, credits funded by the owner must now be deferred.
The seller cannot offer any purchaser financing to the owner. Instead, the vendor must assess if the buyer can buy a house and reimburse the loan. This may mean the seller must report on the buyer’s credit, probably removing every house buyer by miscredit.
The loan must be flat or adjustable after five years and subject to reasonable yearly increments and a fair lifetime limit.
The owner-financed loan must meet other requirements specified by the federal reserve council. But it is a mandate without a balloon that will block many inventive funding efforts. A lease-option sale might be a solution for some sellers and purchasers.

How to Add a Name to a Deed in Mississippi? – Adding Someone to a Deed

by freelancer

The Chancery Clerk maintains Mississippi property and deed records in each county. The Chancery Clerk is responsible for recording and preserving actual property records in Mississippi.

Accurate property records (land, buildings, improvements) are public information. As such, the public has access to examine these records. However, the reproduction of these documents by anyone other than the custodian of the record is prohibited.

If you’re wondering how to add a name to a deed in Mississippi, this article is for you!

How to Add a Name to a Deed in Mississippi?

You can add a name to a deed in Mississippi by filling out and filing the Mississippi Quit Claim Deed Form with your county’s chancery clerk (notary). If you execute and notarize the Mississippi quitclaim deed at that moment, that document legally overrides the current deed to your home.

The process is simple, but you’ll need to know how to fill out the forms correctly and the requirements for filing.

You can start the process by going to the reform website and filling out the Mississippi Quit Claim Deed Form.

It would help if you generated Mississippi Quit Claim Deed Form
It would help if you visited the Clerk of the Chancery Clerk’s Office and the required filing fee.
You need to read the code (Document 89-3-7)
It will help if you read code statute– § 89-5-1

In Mississippi, it’s not difficult to add a name to a deed. It’s relatively simple. The primary reason you would want to add a name to an act is if you are adding another person as an owner of the property. This can be done via deed transfer or quitclaim deed, depending on the circumstances.

If you want to add your spouse as an owner of a property, this can be done by transferring the deed. This means that you own the property, but your spouse now owns it with you. You’ll need to obtain a warranty or quitclaim deed from your county Clerk’s office. Once you have that, fill out the act according to the instructions on the document (you will likely need two witnesses and a notary). Then submit the completed document back to your county clerk for filing.

If you want to take yourself off of ownership of a property and add another person as owner in your place (rather than adding them on), you can use a quitclaim deed instead. A quitclaim deed transfers any right, title, or interest in the property from one party (called the grantor) to another (called the grantee).

The only time you may not be able to add or remove a person’s name from your deed is if there’s an error on your deed—either because someone forged it or because it was incorrectly recorded in the first place. If this is the case, you’ll need to take extra steps before proceeding with your change of ownership.

Adding a name to your deed is not as complicated as it sounds. It’s a straightforward process that can be performed in just a few steps.

Depending on the circumstances, there are different ways to add a name to a deed; depending on adding a spouse or partner to your home deed after purchasing a home, you can use a quitclaim deed. Quitclaim deeds transfer property ownership rights, and in this case, you would be sharing your ownership rights with your spouse or partner.

If the name you’re trying to add is not that of a spouse/partner, it’s best practice to use a warranty deed. Warranty deeds guarantee that the property is owned by the person transferring ownership rights and that there are no other claims against the property (i.e., no other owners).

Once you have your signed quitclaim or warranty deed, it must be filed with your county recorder’s office.

How to add a name to a deed?

However, the basic steps that cover both ways are as follows:

Check the existing deed. To add a name to your deed, you first need to make sure that the original deed has no restrictions on adding names. The property’s original owner may have added such restrictions when they originally sold the property. If they did, you need to get their permission to add additional names.
Get in touch with the title company. Next, you will need to contact your local title company and tell them that you want to add another owner to your property’s deed. This is often done by filling out an application form provided by the title company, but make sure you follow any other instructions about this process.
Follow up with the title company. Once you have submitted the application form or other paperwork required by the title company, follow up with them regularly until they have completed all necessary steps and are ready for you and any co-owners of your property’s new deed paperwork signing ceremony. You should receive notice from them within two weeks if everything goes smoothly; if not, contact them again until they respond.

Or you may follow these simple steps:

Step 1: Gather the necessary documents.
Step 2: Fill out the deed form.
Step 3: Sign and notarize the deed.
Step 4: Submit the deed for recording.

Adding a family member to the property title

If you are thinking about adding a family member to the property title, it is essential to work with an attorney to ensure that the process is done legally. Adding a new name to your home title does not mean that the new owner has any rights over the property. To do this, you would have to prepare and sign a deed, a legal document that gives ownership rights.

You can add your spouse to your property title if you are married. This is done when the property is purchased so that both spouses are listed on the deed. If a property was purchased before marriage, the person who owns it has to file a quitclaim deed with their county clerk’s office. The quitclaim deed transfers ownership of the property from one person to two people, making it a joint tenancy with the right of survivorship. If you are not married, adding a family member to your property title requires you to transfer the property either through a gift deed or by selling it and having them purchase the property from you.

Adding a Family Member Through Marriage

Purchase real estate together and list both spouses on the title at closing. The real estate agent will fill out the deed for you and file it with the local recorder’s office after signing it in front of a notary public.
Complete a quitclaim deed if one spouse purchases real estate before marriage. On this form, the title owner transfers his ownership rights to himself and another person, such as his future wife. Print out the quitclaim deed from your state’s department of revenue website or pick up an official paper copy from your local county clerk’s office.

Conclusion

Deeds are an essential legal document for anyone who owns land or property. Whether you’re buying or selling your own home, it’s always a good idea to know the law involved in this sort of transaction. As you can see, adding a name to a deed is not that complicated, but the results it achieves are significant indeed.

What is Hire Purchase in Business Law?

by freelancer

Very often, you can hear the “hire purchase” term. This article will help you understand the better practical meaning of this term.

What is Hire Purchase in Business Law?

Hire Purchase represents a credit agreement in business law where buyers buy costly goods in installments by making a down payment at hire. For example, you hire an item such as a car and pay the agreed amount in monthly payments, but you do not own the car until you make the final payment.

In hire purchase, the buyer or the hirer agrees upon the payment of installments and interest to the seller for the consumer good they are purchasing. The buyer usually makes a down payment of the partial value of the good, and the rest is spread across installments.

Hire purchase can also be deemed as a rent-to-own agreement. Here, the ownership of the good is not entirely given to the buyer until the complete payment is made. The buyer can settle the total amount and get the ownership; until then, the ownership remains with the seller.

Is Hire Purchase Interest Tax Deductible?

Installments paid towards the hire purchase can get partial tax benefits. If the good is purchased for a business purpose, the interest paid is eligible for a tax deduction. If the good is hired for luxury, there is no tax benefit.

For example, a self-employed or a business owner enters a hire purchase contract for a car used for business purposes only. They can get tax benefits on the interest paid on loan (the remaining payments). On the other hand, if the car is purchased for personal use, it is considered a luxury buy. Therefore, they can avail no tax benefits on it.

One point to note here is that the car’s actual value (the principal amount) is subject to tax deduction in neither of the above cases.

What is the Formula for Hire Purchase?

The Hire Purchase amount can be calculated by finding the sum of the buyer’s down payment, installments, and interest.

Hire Purchase = D + (P – D)x(1 + RN)

Here, P = Principal Amount

D= Down Payment

R= Rate of Interest

N= No. of years of hire purchase

Let’s take an example to understand this formula. A car with a principal value of $32,000 is bought on hire purchase. The initial deposit made by the buyer is $7,000. The remaining amount is to be paid over five years, with a rate of interest of 6% p.a. Therefore,

Hire Purchase = $7,000 + ($32,000-$7,000)x(1+5×5%)

= $38,250

The buyer would have to pay a total amount of $38,250 for the hire purchase of the car.

What are the Types of Hire Purchases?

There are two types or forms of hire purchase. One is where the buyer and the seller enter the hire purchase agreement directly. The other is where the lender, who loans the hire purchase amount to the buyer, is involved in the contract.

In the first form of the hire purchase agreement, the buyer enters the agreement directly with the seller of the goods. They pay the installments, along with interest, directly to the seller. The ownership of the good remains with the seller until the last installment is made, after which the buyer wholly owns the good.

In the second form, the buyer takes the help of a bank or a financial institution, which buys the good on behalf of the buyer and makes the full payment to the seller. The ownership is transferred to the lender, and the buyer pays the installments to the lender, along with interest. The lender has the right to confiscate the goods in the event of non-payment. Here also, the ownership of the good is transferred after the last installment is paid.

What are the Elements of Hire Purchase?

The primary elements of a Hire Purchase may include an Agreement between a buyer and seller, Transfer of Possession, Deposit or Down Payment, Interest Rate, Time Period of the Agreement, and Transfer of Ownership at the end of the agreement. All these elements form a Hire Purchase agreement.

Some essential elements together make a hire purchase agreement. There must be an agreement between a buyer and a seller of a good, where the seller must transfer possession of a good when the buyer makes a deposit. There must be a contract where the buyer promises to make the remaining amount in installments for an agreed-upon time. Also, the transfer of ownership must be done after all the installments are paid.

What are the Rules of Hire Purchase?

The following are the common rules of a hire purchase agreement:

The hirer cannot exercise their ownership of the good until the full payment is made. Till then, it is only a hired product.
The hirer has to make the payment as and when agreed upon during the signing of the agreement.
The seller is the rightful owner of the good till the full payment is made.

Is a Mobile Phone Contract a Hire Purchase Agreement?

Mobile Phones come in every price range, from basic models that are cheaper to the advanced and latest ones that can be expensive. Mobile phones in the higher price range are often purchased on hire purchase by making a small deposit and the rest of the payment in installments.

With the latest technology and advanced features, the newly launched mobile phones may cost someone their three months’ salary. But, that doesn’t keep them from purchasing such high-tech devices, as they can buy them on hire purchase by paying a small fraction of its value as a deposit and the rest in installments. It is implied that they will only get the ownership once they have paid all the installments.

Are Hire Purchase Agreements Secured?

The degree of protection of a hire purchase agreement is more inclined towards the seller than the buyer if we look at the degree of protection. As the seller owns the good or product in the contract, they have the right to confiscate it in the event of failure of payment by the buyer or hirer. It makes the buyer lose the money which they have already paid.

As the ownership is only transferred after the seller receives the last payment, the good is more like being hired than owned by the buyer. The hirer pays a deposit and installments that include interests that can be high, to get the ownership of the good at the end. If, due to unforeseen circumstances, the buyer is unable to pay the installments, the possession of the good is taken back by the seller, resulting in the loss of the payments that have already been paid.

Is a Hire Purchase Agreement a Contract?

Hire Purchase agreements can be taken as rent-to-own contracts, where the good’s ownership is not transferred; it is more like renting until the final payment is settled between the hirer and seller/owner.

The hire purchase agreement can somehow be interpreted as a contract of bailment, where the hirer does not legally own the good but has the right to use it at their disposal.

What are the Legal Provisions of the Hire Purchase System?

The legal provisions of the hire purchase agreement are mentioned in the Hire Purchase Act, 1972. These provisions are as follows:

There must be a transfer of possession of goods, with the agreement of payment of periodic payments, by the hirer to the owner.
The ownership of the good must be transferred when the last payment is received.
The parties involved in the agreement must sign the contract.
The hiree or owner has the right to take possession of the goods in the event of non-payment of the agreed installments only after giving prior notice to the hirer or buyer.
The hirer can also terminate the agreement anytime before the end of the contract.

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Hire Purchase System?

A hire purchase agreement comes with both advantages and disadvantages for both the buyer/hirer and the seller/owner. As a benefit of the agreement, the buyer can buy the expensive goods they cannot purchase in one go, as it may affect their capital. The seller benefits from the increases in sales as more people can now buy their expensive products. A disadvantage of the agreement is that it involves a higher interest rate.

A hire purchase agreement can benefit in certain ways. It helps a company to buy goods, like machinery and other tools for the company. These goods can be expensive, and a business may have to pull out a significant chunk of its working capital or raise debt if they make a full payment at the time of purchase. Hire purchase prevents such implications.

However, hire purchase agreements involve payments that generally include higher interests. The amount paid towards a hire purchase agreement will definitely cost more than a one-time payment. As a result, many buyers buy more than they can afford.

Would Increasing Legal Immigration Reduce Illegal Immigration?

by freelancer

This has been a good point of debate among people and world politics that can legal immigration decrease illegal immigration. The world seems to be divided into two parts in this debate. Anyhow, lawful immigration can be considered acceptable, but illegal immigration may be different, and the results derived may not be good. Keeping this in mind, Illegal immigration is done not only by the poor but also by the rich. There are no barriers created here in the name of financial status. Legal immigration is fine, and the government also supports immigrants by providing them jobs, education, etc. If any illegal immigrant is caught, there are chances of facing serious consequences such as the risk of detention, deportation, and other sanctions. Before answering the question, let us first know about the meaning of both legal and illegal immigrants.

Legal Immigration

Legal Immigration is all about following immigration laws by the migrants. Immigration law includes national statutes, regulations, and legal precedents governing immigration and deportation from a country. Immigration laws are different from country to country. It may also depend on the social and political interests of the nations. The countries may tend to maintain a law that includes both rights of entry and exit and internal rights, which have the duration of stay, freedom of movement, etc.

For controlling immigration, different countries have set up customs at entry points. The entry points are some locations such as border roads and airports. The documents used for traveling are closely taken into consideration and inspected. Regular or essential documents such as passports are mandatory. Also, travelers are asked to declare the sum of money they are carrying with them.

The countries have established their law on immigration. In the United States of America, the immigration article is known as the United States Nationality Law, and citizenship can be granted to a person once he/she has completed permanent residence of 5 years. In the same manner, each country providing immigration to the migrants has set up its own law.

Immigration Policy

Immigration Policy is all about protecting border control and the transit of people into a country. The policies include each thing such as taxations, tariffs, and trade rules are set out what tasks they will perform while they are temporarily in the country. The policy also includes investment policies, agricultural policies, and other policies too. The investment policies include the investments that are to be made by the wealthy immigrants in businesses.

Illegal Immigration

Illegal Immigration refers to those who migrate into a country by violating that countries immigration law. This violation can create a risk to those migrants and result in the risk of detention, deportation, and other sanctions. There are some cases where undocumented immigrants get temporary residence permit with the principle of non-refoulment in the international Refugee Convention.

As a gesture of human rights, there have been campaigns run where the terms such as ‘illegal immigrants’ are opposed. The reason given for this is that migrating illegally doesn’t make the people themselves illegal. In 2010, a campaign was launched in the United States where terms such as undocumented immigrants or unauthorized immigrants are discouraged. Further in 2014, a campaign was relaunched were the words that should be used in place of ‘illegal’ should be ‘Undocumented’ or ‘Irregular.’ A huge part of the news channels has also come forward to discourage the words ‘Illegal.’ These news associations include US Associated Press, UK Press Association, European Journalism Observatory, and Australian Media. The term ‘Undocumented’ is also used by the New York Times.

Reason For Illegal Immigration

The basic thing which one should know is that any person does not leave his/her like that. There are always specific reasons for immigrating from their native country. There are specific reasons which you should see before giving any conclusive result for immigration.

A) Poverty – Poverty is the primary point from where the issue of undocumented immigrants arises. The wage level and lack of education in developing countries will result in excess poverty. The undocumented immigrant labors then tend to leave their native home and migrate towards the developed nations. There has been a specific test conducted by the Pew Hispanic Center that has shown that the education and wage of undocumented Mexican immigrants in the US are around the median for Mexico. Apart from all these, natural disasters and overpopulation can also result in poverty-driven migration flows.

B) Overpopulation – If a country has minimum resources and half of them is already used, and the larger population uses the remaining, this can result in immigration by certain nation citizens. In developing countries, overpopulation is a serious concern, and it is still not taken into serious consideration.

C) War – If there is any civil war on-going in a country, this results in immigrations. The population is then forced to leave their native country, forcing them to go to another country illegally. They can be better called ‘refugees.’ They are protected in the migrant countries. There is a 1951 refugee convention that is signed by different countries. Countries that have not signed this convention do not follow its guidelines are likely to consider refugees and asylum seekers as irregular immigrants.

E) Education – Education is the primary key to success. Young immigrants leave behind their native countries for better education and facility. As a kind gesture, the developed countries look after the interests of the education of the immigrants.

F) Deprivation of Citizenship – The CSM in 2102 reported that about 7,50,000 Rohingya are one of the oppressed minorities in the world. The Rohingyas are in the complete absence of civil rights in Myanmar. In 1982, the military stripped the Rohingya of their Myanmar Citizenship and rated them as irregular immigrants. This is the case where a person born in his country has no state to claim his birthplace.

These are the difference between legal and illegal immigrants. From this, it is quite clear why one tends to leave their own country as such no one will leave them for fun. There are always some black sides and reality behind this. Coming to the question, the answer would remain in the middle, i.e., yes and no. If the countries start accepting the immigrants legally and make policies simple for accepting the immigrants, then there are high chances that those who are thinking of residing in that country illegally will take legal steps to be a part of that country.

The developed countries should step forward by making the policies and thinking deeply about taking those in serious trouble in their own countries. Major countries of Middle East Asia like Syria and Iraq have been facing civil war, and many of their own citizens have lost their lives and homes. They are looking forward to aiding and help from the developed European Countries and American regions. Countries like France, Britain have also come forward to help these people, and they have accepted these civilians of these countries in large numbers.

These developed countries can also look at this as an opportunity as a major immigrant population is educated and well skilled. The migrate can show their skill and practice their specialization in their migrated countries. These immigrants include large numbers of doctors, engineers, and other professionals.

As a kind, humane gesture, the developed countries can provide shelter to the immigrants. Further, they can give free educations in the beginning to the children of these immigrants. Jobs are the necessity for daily bread; the home government should try to give jobs and employment according to the immigrants’ qualifications.

These are some merits which the migrating countries can draw from these immigrants, and this can be a strong point for the developed nations to provide easy legal immigrations.

There are certain reasons, too, for which the countries don’t allow immigration, and this is why illegal immigration is born. The countries are always afraid of the damage that these immigrants can cause to their culture and land. Apart from this, they also know that there can be a negative impact on real wages by giving employment, and real GDP per capita may fall. The biggest fear to each country is the disharmony which is created from rapid immigration. This is created among people as they may have different cultures and religions and may not adapt to change quickly.

This reason puts a question on making immigration fully legal. Here a point of disagreement arises between people. An example of this agreement has been recently seen in France.

Conclusion

A strong and smooth policy should be made to accept the deserving immigrants. The countries should check whether the coming immigrant has a previously clean record or not. If the immigrant is good and the working professional, they should be accepted on their record. Even if there are some chances of illegal immigrants being caught up, then the countries should his/her record and based on it, further decisions should be made. Words like ‘illegal’ would not be correct to use. Instead, ‘Eligible’ should be used, both by attitude and criteria of the immigrants.

Why is a Remuneration Certificate Important?

by freelancer

The word ‘Remuneration’ means money paid for work or service. It comprises of basic salary, bonuses, or economic benefits to the employee.

What is a remuneration certificate?

The Remuneration Certificate is a form that the client fills to request a bill from a solicitor to record his account’s legal costs. According to the law, if the client is not satisfied with the expense, he can request a detailed accounting from his solicitor.

According to the law in the United Kingdom, if the client is dissatisfied with the charges, he may request a remuneration certificate. If he finds the bill’s costs are not fair, he/she can take the matter to the legal body. The final decision concerning charge dispute lies in the hands of legal authority.

What is global remuneration professional certification?

Global remuneration professional certification is recognized globally as proof that the holder achieved the knowledge and skills required to effectively manage rewards programs and has a true dedication to their profession.

Legal services are expensive. Usually, the bills at the end of the process make clients frustrated. Different legal practitioners press charges on an hourly basis. Since the services charged are not transparent, it becomes a cause of the dispute.

The client may feel overcharged for the services he/she didn’t sign up for. To overcome all these problems, The UK has passed a law to tackle unwanted issues.

According to the law, If the client is not satisfied with the expense, he can request a detailed accounting from his solicitor. Accurate accounting is under review by an impartial third party.

The process involves the client filling a remuneration form where the solicitor mentions the client’s services.

The form is then sent to an impartial body, and the decision about whether the charges are fair or not is made.

For example, In the UK, these matters are looked upon by

Legal Complaint Service, and in Ireland by the law society.

When can a client seek a remuneration certificate?

Clients generally have some period during which they have to apply for the form to initiate this process. They may get 30 days from when they know about the right to request the certificate from their solicitor. If the client is unaware of this right, he has up to three months to seek the remuneration certificate from his solicitor from the time he received his bill.

The independent agency then may have a look at the matter before it’s taken to court. This review system is generally free and takes several months.

The independent agency will assess whether to reduce the cost of the bill or not. But, it has no authority to increment the charges in the bill.

If the client’s case went to the court and if the court reviews the remuneration certificate, then, in that case, the process is not free at all, and the requested party needs to pay the court fees. The solicitor has the right to charge interest on the outstanding payment. If the client feels to avoid this, he can pay the bill, but he has to make clear in writing that the fees are subject to the remuneration certificate process. If the client pays the bill without making this condition clear, there are chances that he may lose the right to request the review.